[這篇文章最後由cscr在 2006/08/17 10:47pm 第 1 次編輯]
In addition to the congenital malformation caused by genetic factors, chronic malnutrition, such as calcium or vitamin C insufficiency may lead to some kind of acquired osteological deformity.
Operculum(everted appearance or retarded growth with gill exposure) and vertebral column(skoliosis or kyphosis) are among the most frequent and observable sites that are vulnerable to such pathological change.