| 17 Case 17 scenario (jaundice)
Doorway information about patient
The patient is a 35-year-old woman who comes to the office due to jaundice
Vital signs
. Temperature : 38.5¡¦C (101.3F) . Blood pressure : 120/75 mmHg . pulse : 98/min . Respirations : 22/min
Basic differential diagnosis
. Infectious hepatitis . Hemolytic jaundice
. Alcoholic hepatitis . Drug-induced hepatitis . Primary biliary cirrhosis . Wilson disease . Hemochromatosis . Malignancy
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Case 17 sim.pt. instruction
If the doctor asks you about anything other than these , just say ¡§ no ,¡¨ or provide an answer that a normal patient might give.
You are a 35-year-old woman who comes to the clinic due to jaundice
History of present illness
. Onset of jaundice 2 days ago . Fever beginning 5 days ago . Dark urine and pale stools ,then yellowing of the eyes . Associated symptoms : - Mild abdomen discomfort - 2-3 episodes non bilious , non bloody vomiting - No sore throat , headache , neck stiffness , itching , diarrhea , or constipation . Recent return form a trip to india (ate local food and drank bottled water) . No vaccination for hepatitis in the past
Past medical history
. Motor vehicle accident 2 years ago requiring hospitalization and blood transfusion . No surgires . No medications . No medication allergies . Immediate family members 9parents and 3 siblings ) are all healthy . Occupation: homemaker . Married , live with husband . 2 pregnancies with uncomplicated delivers . Tobacco : no . Alcohol : 2-3 beers a day for 15 years . recreational drugs : No
Physical examination
HEENT . PERRLA, EOMI . Scleral icterus present . Oropharynx clear
Neck : . No lymphadenopathy
Abdomen : . Non-tender , non-distended . No hepatosplenomegaly . Normative bowel sounds
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Case 17 sim. pt. checklist
Following the encounter , check which of the following items were performed by the examinee
History of present illness/ review of systems
. Asked about the onset and duration of jaundice . Asked about the color of stool and urine . Asked about itching /pruritis . Asked about abdominal pain . Asked about fever and chills . Asked about appetite and changes in weight . Asked about sore throat . Asked about any bleeding tendencies . Asked about enlarged glands . Asked about travel history
Past medical /family/social history
. Asked about similar episodes before . Asked about past medical issue (especially hepatitis ,liver disease , blood transfusion , high blood pressure , diabetes ) , hospitalizations , and surgeries . Asked about current medications . Asked about family health . Asked bout tobacco , alcohol , and drug use . Asked bout sexual and reproductive history
. Asked bout occupation
Examination
. Washed heads before examination . Examined without gown , not through gown . Auscultation abdomen . Palpated abdomen (superficial abandon deep) , including liver and spleen . Checked rebound tenderness . Examined for enlarged nodes
Counseling
. Explained physical findings and possible diagnosis . Explained further workup . Explained the importance of lifestyle modifications (especially reducing alcohol intake)
Communication skills and professional conduct
. Knocked before entering the room . Introduced self and greeted you warmly . Used your name to address you . Paid attention to what you said and maintained good eye contact . Asked opened questions . Asked non-leading questions
. Asked one question at a time . Listened to what you said without interrupting me . Used plain English rather than technical jargon . Used appropriate transition sentences . Used appropriate draping techniques . Summarized the history and explained physical findings . Expressed empathy and gave appropriate reassurances . Asked whether you have any concerns/questions
Differential diagnosis
. infectious hepatitis . Alcohol hepatitis . Drug-induced hepatitis . Primary biliary cirrhosis . Malignancy
Diagnostic study/studies
. CBC with differential . Liver function tests (AST,ALT, alkaline phosphatase , bilirubin) . Coagulation studies (PT,PTT) . Viral hepatitis serologies ( HBs antigen , HBc antibody , hepatitis A antibody , hepatitis C antibody) . Urine for bile salts . Anti-mitochondrial antibodies . Liver ultrasound
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Case 17 clinical summary
Clinical Skills Evaluation Case 17 Patient Note
The following represents a typical note for this patient encounter . the detail may vary depending on the information given by the simulated patient.
History : Describe the history you just obtained form this patient . Include only information (Pertinent positives and negatives) relevant to this patient¡¦s problem(s).
. 35-yo woman with 2 days of jaundice associated with fever . Returned 3 weeks ago form trip to india . Dark urine endplate stools . Mild diffuse abdominal discomfort , nausea ,vomiting.
ROS : No sore throat , headache , stiff neck , dysuria , weight loss , itching , diarrhea , or constipation PMHx: Car accident 2 years ago requiring hospitalization and blood transfusion PSHx: None Meds: None Allergies : None FHx: Father , mother and siblings are healthy SHx: No history of tobacco use , 2-3 beers / day for the past 15 years
Physical examinations : Describe any positive and negative findings relevant to this patient¡¦s problem(s) . be careful to include only those parts of the examination performed in this encounter.
. Vital sign: temperature , 38.5¡¦C (101.3F) ; blood pressure , 120/75 mmHg; pulse , 98/min; respirations , 22/min . HEENT : PERRLA , EOMI , icterus present , oropharynx clear . Neck : No lymphadenopathy . Abdomen : Non-tender and non-distended , no hepatosplenomegaly , normative bowel sounds
Data interpretation : Based on what you have learned from the history and physical examination, list up to 3 diagnosis that might explain this patient¡¦s complaint(s) . List your diagnoses from most to least likely . For some cases , fewer than 3 diagnosis will be appropriate . the , enter the positive and negative findings form the history and the physical examination (if present) that support each diagnosis . Finally , list initial diagnostic (if any) you would order for each listed diagnosis (eg,restricted physical examination maneuvers, laboratory tests , imaging ECG , etc).
Diagnosis #1 : infectious hepatitis
History finding(s) . Travel to India . Jaundice . Nausea , vomiting , abdomen discomfort . Dark urine , pale stools
Physical examination finding(s) . Fever
. Jaundice
Diagnosis #2 : Alcoholic hepatitis
History finding(s) . Alcohol use . Nausea , vomiting , abdominal discomfort
Physical examination finding(s) . Fever . Jaundice
Diagnostic studies . Hepatitis serologies : A,B, and C . CBC with differential . Liver function tests . Urinalysis
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